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+-- Valua 0.2
+-- Copyright (c) 2014 Etiene Dalcol
+-- License: MIT
+--
+-- Originally bundled with Sailor MVC Web Framework, now released as a separated module.
+-- http://sailorproject.org
+--
+-- This module provides tools for validating values, very useful in forms, but also usable elsewhere.
+-- It works in appended chains. Create a new validation object and start chaining your test functions.
+-- If your value fails a test, it breaks the chain and does not evaluate the rest of it.
+-- It returns a boolean and an error string (nil when tests succeeded)
+--
+-- Example 1 - Just create, chain and use:
+--	valua:new().type("string").len(3,5)("test string!") -- false, "should have 3-5 characters"
+--
+-- Example 2 - Create, chain and later use it multiple times:
+--	local reusable_validation = valua:new().type("string").len(3,5)
+--	reusable_validation("test string!") -- false, "should have 3-5 characters"
+--	reusable_validation("test!") -- true
+--
+
+local valua = {}
+
+local tinsert,setmetatable,len,match,tonumber = table.insert,setmetatable,string.len,string.match,tonumber
+
+-- CORE
+-- Caution, this is confusing
+
+-- creates a new validation object, useful for reusable stuff and creating many validation tests at a time
+function valua:new(obj)
+	obj = obj or {}
+	setmetatable(obj,self)
+	-- __index will be called always when chaining validation functions
+	self.__index = function(t,k)
+		--saves a function named _<index> with its args in a funcs table, to be used later when validating
+		return function(...) 
+			local args = {...}
+			local f = function(value) return valua['_'..k](value,unpack(args)) end
+			tinsert(t.funcs,f)
+			return t 
+		end 
+	end
+
+	-- __call will run only when the value is validated
+	self.__call = function(t,value)
+		local res = true
+		local fres, err
+		-- iterates through all chained validations funcs that were packed, passing the value to be validated
+		for i,f in ipairs(t.funcs) do
+			fres,err = f(value)
+			res = res and fres
+			-- breaks the chain if a test fails
+			if err then
+				break
+			end
+		end
+		-- boolean, error message or nil
+		return res,err
+	end
+	obj.funcs = {}
+	return obj
+end
+--
+
+-- VALIDATION FUNCS
+-- Add new funcs at will, they all should have the value to be validated as first parameter 
+--   and their names must be preceded by '_'.
+-- For example, if you want to use .custom_val(42) on your validation chain, you need to create a 
+--   function valua._custom_val(<value var>,<other var>). Just remember the value var will be known
+--   at the end of the chain and the other var, in this case, will receive '42'. You can add multiple other vars.
+-- These functions can be called directly (valua._len("test",2,5))in a non-chained and isolated way of life 
+--   for quick stuff, but chaining is much cooler!
+-- Return false,'<error message>' if the value fails the test and simply true if it succeeds.
+
+-- aux funcs
+local function empty(v)
+	return not v or len(v) == 0
+end
+--
+
+-- String
+function valua._empty(value)
+	if not empty(value) then return false,"must be empty" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._not_empty(value)
+	if empty(value) then return false,"must not be empty" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._len(value,min,max)
+	local len = len(value or '')
+	if len < min or len >max then return false,"should have "..min.."-"..max.." characters" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._compare(value,another_value)
+	if value ~= another_value then return false, "values are not equal" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._email(value)
+	if not value:match("[A-Za-z0-9%.%%%+%-]+@[A-Za-z0-9%.%%%+%-]+%.%w%w+") then
+  		return false, "is not a valid email address" 
+  	end
+  	return true
+end
+
+function valua._match(value,pattern)
+	if not value:match(pattern) then return false, "does not match pattern" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._alnum(value)
+	if value:match("%W") then return false, "constains improper characters" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._contains(value,substr)
+	if not value:find(substr) then return false, "does not contain '"..substr.."'" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._no_white(value)
+	if value:find("%s") then return false, "must not contain white spaces" end
+	return true
+end
+--
+
+-- Numbers
+function valua._min(value,n)
+	if value < n then return false,"must be greater than "..n end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._max(value,n)
+	if value > n then return false,"must not be greater than "..n end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._integer(value)
+	if math.floor(value) ~= value then return false, "must be an integer" end
+	return true
+end
+--
+
+-- Date
+
+--  Check for a UK date pattern dd/mm/yyyy , dd-mm-yyyy, dd.mm.yyyy
+--  or US pattern mm/dd/yyyy, mm-dd-yyyy, mm.dd.yyyy
+--  or ISO pattern yyyy/mm/dd, yyyy-mm-dd, yyyy.mm.dd 
+--  Default is UK
+function valua._date(value,format)
+    local valid = true
+    if (match(value, "^%d+%p%d+%p%d%d%d%d$")) then
+        local d, m, y
+        if format and format:lower() == 'us' then
+        	m, d, y = match(value, "(%d+)%p(%d+)%p(%d+)")
+        elseif format and format:lower() == 'iso' then
+        	y, m, d = match(value, "(%d+)%p(%d+)%p(%d+)")
+        else
+        	d, m, y = match(value, "(%d+)%p(%d+)%p(%d+)")
+        end
+        d, m, y = tonumber(d), tonumber(m), tonumber(y)
+
+        local dm2 = d*m*m
+        if  d>31 or m>12 or dm2==116 or dm2==120 or dm2==124 or dm2==496 or dm2==1116 or dm2==2511 or dm2==3751 then
+            -- invalid unless leap year
+            if not (dm2==116 and (y%400 == 0 or (y%100 ~= 0 and y%4 == 0))) then
+                valid = false
+            end
+        end
+    else
+        valid = false
+    end
+    if not valid then return false, "is not a valid date" end
+    return true
+end
+--
+
+-- Abstract
+function valua._type(value,value_type)
+	if type(value) ~= value_type then return false,"must be a "..value_type end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._boolean(value)
+	if type(value) ~= 'boolean' then return false,"must be a boolean" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._number(value)
+	if type(value) ~= 'number' then return false,"must be a number" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._string(value)
+	if type(value) ~= 'string' then return false,"must be a string" end
+	return true
+end
+
+function valua._in_list(value,list)
+	local valid = false
+	for _,v in ipairs(list) do
+		if value == v then
+			valid = true
+			break
+		end
+	end
+	if not valid then return false,"is not in the list" end
+	return true
+end
+--
+
+--
+return valua